④周穗明：《21世纪民粹主义的崛起和威胁》，载《国外理论动态》2016年第10期。

　　 ⑤Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk,“The Danger of Deconsolidation”,Journal of Democracy,Vol.27,No.3,2016,pp.5-17.

　　 ⑥Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk,“The End of the Consolidation Paradigm:A Response to Our Critics”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 ⑦Ronald Inglehart,“How Much Should We Worry”,Journal of Democracy,Vol.27,No.3,2016,pp.18-23.

　　 ⑧Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk,“The Danger of Deconsolidation”,Journal of Democracy,Vol.27,No.3,2016,pp.5-17;“The Signs of Deconsolidation”,Journal of Democracy,Vol.28,No.1,2017,pp.5-15;“The End of the Consolidation Paradigm:A Response to Our Critics”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 ⑨Erik Voeten,“Are People Really Turning Away from Democracy?”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 ⑩Pippa Norris,Critical Citizens,New York:Oxford University Press,1999; Democratic Deficit,New York:Cambridge University Press,2011.

　　 (11)Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk,“The End of the Consolidation Paradigm:A Response to Our Critics”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 (12)Ibid.

　　 (13)Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris,“Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties:The Silent Revolution in Reverse”,Perspectives on Politics,Vol.15,No.2,2017,pp.443-454.

　　 (14)Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk,“The End of the Consolidation Paradigm:A Response to Our Critics”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 (15)Ibid.

　　 (16)Erik Voeten,“Are People Really Turning Away from Democracy?”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 (17)全球治理指数的数据来源包括自由之家(Freedom House)、经济学人智库(Economist Intelligence Unit，EIU)、贝塔斯曼基金会(the Bertelsmann Foundation)、国际国家风险指数(the International Country Risk Guide，ICRG)、人权数据库(the Cingranelli-Richards dataset)以及记者无国界(Reporters Without Borders)。

　　 (18)Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk,“The End of the Consolidation Paradigm:A Response to Our Critics”,Journal of Democracy(Web Exchange),2017.

　　 (19)Francis Fukuyama.The End of History and the Last Man,New York:Free Press.1992.